graph TD id1(Anemia) id1.1(Microcytic Anemia) id1.2(Normocytic Anemia) id1.3(Macrocytic Anemia) id1 --> id1.1 & id1.2 & id1.3 id1.2.1(Hypoproliferative) id1.2.2(Hyperproliferative) id1.2 --> id1.2.1 & id1.2.2 id1.3 --> id1.3.1 & id1.3.2 id1.3.1(Megaloblastic) id1.3.2(Nonmegaloblastic)

Microcytic Anemias

  1. Iron deficiency anemia
  2. Thalassemia
  3. Sideroblastic anemia
  4. Lead poisoning

Normocytic Anemias

Hypoproliferative Anemias

  1. Early [[Iron deficiency anemia]]
  2. Anemic of chronic disease
  3. Sideroblastic anemia
  4. Hypothyroidism
  5. Chronic kidney disease
  6. Bone marrow failure

Hyperproliferative Anemias

  1. Hemolytic Anemia
  2. Hemorrhage
  3. Hypersplenism

Macrocytic Anemias

Megaloblastic Anemia

  1. Vitamin B12 deficiency (elevated MMA and homocysteine)
  2. Folate deficiency (elevated homocysteine)
  3. Copper deficiency
  4. Drugs and toxins (nitrous oxide, alcohol, azathioprine, mycophenolate, methotrexate, hydroxyurea, tetracyclines, penicillins, trimethoprim, phenytoin, allopurinol, colchicine, metformin, PPI)

Nonmegaloblastic Anemias

  1. Alcohol (MCV generally <110 fL)
  2. Chronic liver disease
  3. Myelodysplasia or Myelodysplastic syndrome
  4. Reticulocytosis (generally >10% and in the context of hemolysis)
  5. Pregnancy
  6. Hypothyroidism
  7. Aplastic anemia
  8. Pure red cell aplasia
  9. Acute leukemia
  10. Multiple myeloma